Bicycle wheels are classified for specific use according to the international bicycle wheel classification by ASTM International. This classificatione purpose and usage standards of the wheels. It is presented on a 1-5 scale form, which is explained in detail below.
Based on ASTM F2043-13 "Standard Classification for Bicycle Usage".
https://www.astm.org/f2043-13r18.html ASTM F2043-13
ASTM International classification
1. Road/Asphalt
Designed for riding on smooth, paved surfaces, with the goal of maintaining tire contact with the ground. Short-term and accidental loss of tire contact with the ground may occur.
2. Gravel, CX
Extends the conditions described in point 1 to include unpaved roads, gravel paths, and mild off-road trails. Tire contact with uneven surfaces is allowed, as well as loss of contact with the ground. Jumps up to 15 cm (6") are permitted.
3. MTB XC/XCM
Builds on the conditions in points 1 and 2, adding rough off-road and unpaved paths, as well as challenging trails for advanced riders requiring appropriate technical skills. Jumps up to 61 cm (24") are allowed. Despite following the conditions, wheel damage may occur due to user error during riding.
4. Enduro
Expands on the conditions in points 1, 2, and 3 to include jumps up to 122 cm (48") and a maximum speed of 40 km/h (25 mph) on technically demanding downhill sections. Despite adhering to the conditions, wheel damage may still occur due to user error during riding.
5. Downhill / Freeride
Adds to the conditions in points 1, 2, 3, and 4 by including extreme jumps, no speed limits on technically challenging downhill sections, and no limit on jump height. Due to extremely high stress, wheel damage may occur despite following the conditions, as a result of user error during riding.
The intended uses for different cycling disciplines listed here are examples only. The characteristics of a given route, such as those set by race organizers, may include elements that go beyond this classification.
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